Table 1 Indicating different screening techniques for identification of breast cancer
From: Early detection of breast cancer through the diagnosis of Nipple Aspirate Fluid (NAF)
Techniques | Identification | Percent Sensitivity | Percent Specificity | Benefits | Drawbacks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Self- examination [15] | Diagnosis of Tumor | 53.90 | 54–59 | an inexpensive and flexible way of detection reduces mortality | Few breast lumps miss out, causing unnecessary distress |
Mammography [20] | Diagnosis of Tumor | 73–86 | 88–93 | Low-cost, portable, contrast reagent not needed | Inconvenient, penetration only to a limited depth, hard, exposed to radiation, incorrect positive - negative results. |
Contrast enhancement ultrasound [27] | Detection Tumor and depiction | 61.40 | 82 | Portable, cost-effective | vascular system can only be defined by contrast agents |
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) [28] | Tumor depiction | 77–99 | 81–99 | Quantifies tumor perfusion and tumor permeability inside the capillary | restricted capacity has a contrasting design, limited for magnetic atom |
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) [29] | Diagnosis response and its evaluation along with a depiction | 64–96 | 73–99 | probes involving molecular imaging tracing imaging without perturbing biological systems on a wide range | spatial resolution is limited and uses non-contrasting computed tomography, may also exposure to radiation |
Histopathology [24] | Diagnosis and Tumor Classification | 90 | 88 | Differentiates between benign tumor and malignant tumor | Causes pain as it involves surgery, infection, and bleeding. This can lead to overdiagnosis and treatment. |